Pandey, Kalplata. (2004). Study of Awareness and Inculcation of Values Inherent in the Fundamental Duties in Indian Constitution among Primary and Secondary School Teachers. Unpublished. ERIC, Education

Objectives of the study:

1. To compare the awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

2. To compare the awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in Indian constitution between male and female primary school teachers.

3. To compare the awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

4. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among primary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

5. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among male and female primary school teachers.

6. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

7. To compare the awareness of Fundamental Duties among secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

8. To compare the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution between male and female secondary school teachers.

9. To compare the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

10. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

11. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties between male and female secondary school teachers.

12. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

13. To compare the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

14. To compare the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among male and female primary and secondary school teachers.

15. To compare the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

16. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

17. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among male and female primary and secondary school teachers.

18. To compare the inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

19. To find out relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among among Primary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

20. To find out relationship between awareness towards Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Indian constitution and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among male and Female primary school teachers.

21. To find out relationship between awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in the Indian Constitution and inculcation of value inherent in Fundamental Duties among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

22. To find out relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Indian Constitution and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among secondary school teachers teaching in urban,rural and tribal areas.

23. To find out relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Indian constitution and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among male and female secondary school teachers.

24. To find out relationship between awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in the Indian constitution and inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

Sample of the study:

The sample for the present study consisted of 900 teachers (450 primary and 450 secondary school teachers) of both sexes teaching in schools managed by different educational institutions and are situated in urban as well as rural areas of Varnasi and tribal area of Sonabhadra.

Tools Used:

• Fundamental Duties Awareness questionnaire for Teachers (FDAQT)

• Value Inculcation inherent in Fundamental Duties Questionnaire for Teachers (VFDQT)

• An Interview Schedule

Design of the study:

The present study belongs to the category of descriptive field research and includes composite characteristics of casual comparative and correlational survey researches.

Statistical Techniques used:

t-value

correlation coefficient

F value

Findings of the study:

1. There exists no significant difference in the awareness towards Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary teacher teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

2. There exists no significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution between male and female primary teachers.

3. There exists no significant difference in the awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

4. There exists no significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among primary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

5. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among male and female primary school teachers.

6. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

7. There exists significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties among secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

8. There exists significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution between male and female secondary school teachers.

9. There exists no significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

10. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

11. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties between male and female secondary school teachers.

12. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

13. There exists significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

14. There exists significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among male and female primary and secondary school teachers.

15. There exists significant difference in the awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian constitution among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

16. There exists no significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

17. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among male and female primary and secondary school teachers.

18. There exists significant difference in the inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among primary and secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

19. There exists significant relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among among Primary school teachers teaching in urban, rural and tribal areas.

20. There exists no significant relationship between awareness towards Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Indian constitution and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among male and Female primary school teachers.

21. There exists significant relationship between awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in the Indian Constitution and inculcation of value inherent in Fundamental Duties among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

22. There exists significant relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Indian Constitution and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among secondary school teachers teaching in urban,rural and tribal areas.

23. There exists significant relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties enshrined in the Indian constitution and inculcation of values inherent in Fundamental Duties among male and female secondary school teachers.

24. There exists significant relationship between awareness of fundamental duties enshrined in the Indian constitution and inculcation of values inherent in the fundamental duties among secondary school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies.

Educational Implications:

The main crisis in the field of research related to Fundamental Duties is measurement of value inherent in the Fundamental Duties. The present work provides reliable and valid tools which can be used in finding out awareness of Fundamental Duties as well as inculcation (adherence) of values inherent in the fundamental duties of Indian Constitution for adults specially of teachers.

It is felt that primary teachers teaching I private schools have more awareness of Fundamental Duties in comparison to teachers teaching in Govt. and aided schools. This finding may be a help for educational planners while planning training programmes for the pre-service teachers.

Finding that primary teachers teaching in tribal areas have more patriotic, cultural, spiritual and excellence value than primary teachers teaching in urban and rural areas strengthens the truth that teachers teaching in tribal areas are more duty bound as compare to the teachers teaching in urban and rural areas. This finding will be helpful to those who are anxious about the bad impact of urbanization and fast going life style of cities. Which is badly affecting the balance between duties and rights because people, with increasing needs are becoming more prone towards rights rather than duties. Findings that male teachers have more social and cultural values than their counterparts the female teachers indicates shift in value preferences. It is warning to the society that women are not meant for playing the role of protector of social and cultural norms only. Men also have to share this major responsibility of protecting and respecting social norms and cultural heritage. This is a warning to curriculum planners of teachers education also that curriculum should be planned without having gender biases as today's women have strong will power and intense desire to achieve excellence in each and every field of endeavor. Finding that there exists significant positive relationship between awareness of fundamental and inculcation of values related to same has proved the importance and urgency of making people, specially teacher community, aware about the Fundamental Duties definitely helps in inculcating values inherent in the same. This study strongly advocates the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the syllabus of teachers training courses. One more positive finding of this research is suggestions by principals and teachers to improve the condition as well as status of teachers. Most of the teachers have accepted the truth with grief that values among the teachers are deteriorating day by day. This submission on the part of teachers proves that a ray of hope still persists that teachers themselves will definitely come forward to regain their position by abiding by the duties assigned to them by the society. The suggestion given by teachers regarding the criteria for admission in teachers training courses, curriculum etc. will definitely help in improving the present status of teacher training course and will be helpful in making course more transparent and beneficial for future teachers of this country.

Keyword(s): Fundamental Duties, Values