The objectives of the study were: (1) To compare the objectives, curriculum, textbooks and teaching methods of science education of Uttar Buniyadi schools and secondary schools. (2) To compare the science essays of and state level prizes won by the pupils of the Uttar Buniyadi schools and secondary schools. (3) To compare the two types of schools in terms of prizes and medals won by the science teachers. (4) To compare the number of books for pupils and teachers in the library of the Uttar Buniyadi schools and secondary schools. (5) To compare the science laboratories of the two types of the schools. (6) To compare the science achievement of the pupils of the two types of the schools. (7) To find out the correlation between science achievements of pupils of the two types of the schools.

The sample was selected by employing Stratified Random Sampling Technique. The sample comprised of 125 Uttar Buniyadi schools (letter basic school) and 125 secondary schools of Gujarat state. 500 pupils (250 from each types of the school) of standards VII, IX and X were selected. Five Uttar Buniyadi schools were selected for personal visit. 

The tools used were interview and questionnaires for principals, science teachers and pupils.

The survey method was employed for the study. 

The questionnaires were prepared by the investigator. The data were analysed by Chi-Square test.

The major findings were: (1) The objectives, curriculum and textbooks of science in both the types of schools were same. (2) In both the types of schools, majority of science teachers were ready to seek guidance from seminars/orientation courses. (3) So far as the teaching methods were concerned, lecture method was used by majority of science teachers of secondary schools. About half the teachers of the Uttar Buniyadi schools used lecture method. A few teachers in both the types of schools used programmed or heuristic method. Many teachers used question-answer method and pictures and examples. (4) Majority of the teachers in both the types of schools took the pupils to laboratory and helped them in their assignments. (5) The teachers were not satisfied with the textbook of science. (6) The average number of science magazines in the Secondary schools and Uttar Buniyadi schools were 9 and 6 respectively. Many teachers emphasized on the need of classroom library. (7) The syllabus of Standard IX Science was difficult where as the syllabus of Standard X was comparatively easy. (8) Less weightage was given to units related to physiology, hygiene, environment and rural culture. (9) The laboratories were not well equipped in both types of schools.