The objectives of the study were: (1) To study the prevalence of nutritional anemic in school children. (2) To study the socio – demographic factors associated with nutritional anemia. (3) To study the cognitive performance of school children. (4) To study the affective dispositions of school children. (5) To find out the relationship between cognitive performance and affective dispositions of school children with nutritional anemia. (6) To offer suggestions for improving the cognitive performance and nutritional anemia of school children.

The sample comprised of 231 Students of age range 6 to 12 years from 4 Primary Schools of Aligarh Rural Area. It was selected with the help of Stratified Random Sampling Technique.

Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices (1947), Weight, Height and Clinical Examination for the presence of Anemia, Malhotra’s Temperamental Schedule were used for data collection.

The data were analyzed by computing Mean, SD, Chi – Square and t - test.

The findings of the study were: (1) Anemia was quite high (71%) of which majority were females in the age group of 6 – 8 years. (2) Sex, Educational status of children, personal habits, consumption of meat and fruits in diet and history of worm infestation were statistically significantly associated with nutritional anemia. (3) A majority of children (45.9%) were found in the level of poor cognitive performance in age group 9 – 11 years. Maximum children (18.2) were border line and were seen in the age group of 6 – 8 years. Very few children were seen in the level of above average. (4) Male children were significantly different from female children in relation to attentively factor and no significant difference was found in other factors. (5) Low cognitive performance was statistically significant associated with nutritional anemia. In reference to sociability, emotionality and anemic children were significantly different from non – anemic children.